Mfundo yopangira mphamvu ya dzuwa ya photovoltaic ndi ukadaulo womwe umasintha mwachindunji mphamvu ya kuwala kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya photovoltaic ya semiconductor interface. Gawo lofunika kwambiri la ukadaulo uwu ndi selo la dzuwa. Maselo a dzuwa amapakidwa ndikutetezedwa motsatizana kuti apange gawo lalikulu la maselo a dzuwa kenako n’kuphatikizidwa ndi chowongolera mphamvu kapena china chonga ichi kuti apange chipangizo chopangira mphamvu ya photovoltaic. Njira yonseyi imatchedwa dongosolo lopangira mphamvu ya photovoltaic. Dongosolo lopangira mphamvu ya photovoltaic limapangidwa ndi ma solar cell arrays, mabatire, ma charge and discharge controllers, ma solar photovoltaic inverters, ma combiner box ndi zida zina.
N’chifukwa chiyani mumagwiritsa ntchito inverter mu makina opangira magetsi a solar photovoltaic?
Chosinthira magetsi ndi chipangizo chomwe chimasintha magetsi olunjika kukhala magetsi osinthasintha. Ma cell a dzuwa amapanga mphamvu ya DC mu kuwala kwa dzuwa, ndipo mphamvu ya DC yomwe imasungidwa mu batire ndi mphamvu ya DC. Komabe, makina opangira magetsi a DC ali ndi zofooka zazikulu. Ma AC monga nyali za fluorescent, ma TV, mafiriji, ndi mafani amagetsi m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku sangagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi mphamvu ya DC. Kuti kupanga magetsi a photovoltaic kugwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri m'moyo wathu watsiku ndi tsiku, ma inverter omwe amatha kusintha magetsi olunjika kukhala magetsi osinthasintha ndi ofunikira kwambiri.
Monga gawo lofunika kwambiri popanga mphamvu ya photovoltaic, inverter ya photovoltaic imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kusintha mphamvu yolunjika yopangidwa ndi ma module a photovoltaic kukhala mphamvu yosinthira. Inverter sikuti imangokhala ndi ntchito yosinthira DC-AC, komanso ili ndi ntchito yokulitsa magwiridwe antchito a solar cell komanso ntchito yoteteza zolakwika za dongosolo. Zotsatirazi ndi mawu oyamba achidule okhudza ntchito zodziyimira zokha komanso zozimitsa za inverter ya photovoltaic komanso ntchito yowongolera mphamvu yayikulu.
1. Ntchito yowongolera kutsata mphamvu yayikulu
Kutulutsa kwa gawo la maselo a dzuwa kumasiyana malinga ndi mphamvu ya kuwala kwa dzuwa komanso kutentha kwa gawo la maselo a dzuwa (chip temperature). Kuphatikiza apo, popeza gawo la maselo a dzuwa lili ndi khalidwe loti magetsi amachepa pamene mphamvu ikukwera, pali malo abwino ogwirira ntchito komwe mphamvu yayikulu ingapezeke. Mphamvu ya kuwala kwa dzuwa ikusintha, ndipo mwachiwonekere malo abwino ogwirira ntchito akusinthanso. Poyerekeza ndi kusinthaku, malo ogwirira ntchito a gawo la maselo a dzuwa nthawi zonse amakhala pamalo amphamvu kwambiri, ndipo dongosolo nthawi zonse limapeza mphamvu yayikulu yotulutsa kuchokera ku gawo la maselo a dzuwa. Kulamulira kumeneku ndi ulamuliro waukulu wotsata mphamvu. Chinthu chachikulu cha ma inverters a machitidwe a mphamvu ya dzuwa ndichakuti amaphatikizapo ntchito ya kutsatira malo amphamvu kwambiri (MPPT).
2. Ntchito yokhayokha ndi ntchito yoyimitsa
Pambuyo pa kutuluka kwa dzuwa m'mawa, mphamvu ya kuwala kwa dzuwa imawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono, ndipo kutulutsa kwa selo la dzuwa kumawonjezekanso. Mphamvu yotulutsa yomwe inverter imafuna ikafika, inverter imayamba kugwira ntchito yokha. Pambuyo poyambira kugwira ntchito, inverter imayang'anira kutulutsa kwa gawo la selo la dzuwa nthawi zonse. Bola mphamvu yotulutsa ya gawo la selo la dzuwa ndi yayikulu kuposa mphamvu yotulutsa yomwe inverter ikufunika kuti igwire ntchito, inverter ipitiliza kugwira ntchito; imayima mpaka dzuwa litalowa, ngakhale kuli mitambo komanso mvula. Inverter imathanso kugwira ntchito. Pamene kutulutsa kwa gawo la selo la dzuwa kumakhala kochepa ndipo kutulutsa kwa inverter kuli pafupi ndi 0, inverter imapanga mkhalidwe woyimirira.
Kuwonjezera pa ntchito ziwiri zomwe zafotokozedwa pamwambapa, inverter ya photovoltaic ilinso ndi ntchito yoletsa kugwira ntchito yodziyimira payokha (ya dongosolo lolumikizidwa ndi gridi), ntchito yosintha ma voltage odziyimira payokha (ya dongosolo lolumikizidwa ndi gridi), ntchito yozindikira DC (ya dongosolo lolumikizidwa ndi gridi), ndi ntchito yozindikira nthaka ya DC (ya machitidwe olumikizidwa ndi gridi) ndi ntchito zina. Mu dongosolo lopangira mphamvu ya dzuwa, kugwira ntchito bwino kwa inverter ndi chinthu chofunikira chomwe chimatsimikizira mphamvu ya selo la dzuwa ndi mphamvu ya batri.
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-01-2023
