Magalimoto amagetsi okhala ndi mphamvu zochajira magetsi mbali zonse ziwiri angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupatsa mphamvu nyumba, kubwezera mphamvu mu gridi, komanso kupereka mphamvu zina panthawi yamagetsi kapena zadzidzidzi. Magalimoto amagetsi ndi mabatire akuluakulu okhala ndi mawilo, kotero ma charger a mbali zonse ziwiri amalola magalimoto kusunga magetsi otsika mtengo nthawi yomwe magetsi sakukwera kwambiri, zomwe zimachepetsa ndalama zamagetsi zapakhomo. Ukadaulo watsopanowu, womwe umadziwika kuti vehicle-to-grid (V2G), uli ndi kuthekera kosintha momwe gridi yathu yamagetsi imagwirira ntchito, ndi magalimoto amagetsi zikwizikwi omwe angapereke mphamvu nthawi imodzi panthawi yomwe magetsi amafunikira kwambiri.
Kodi imagwira ntchito bwanji?
Chochaja cha mbali ziwiri ndi chochaja chapamwamba cha galimoto yamagetsi (EV) chomwe chingathe kuchaja mbali zonse ziwiri. Izi zingamveke zosavuta, koma zimaphatikizapo njira yovuta yosinthira mphamvu kuchokera ku alternating current (AC) kupita ku direct current (DC), mosiyana ndi chochaja cha EV chachizolowezi chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito AC.
Mosiyana ndi ma charger a EV wamba, ma charger a bidirectional amagwira ntchito ngati ma inverter, kusintha AC kukhala DC panthawi yochaja komanso mosemphanitsa panthawi yotulutsa. Komabe, ma charger a bidirectional angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi magalimoto omwe amagwirizana ndi bidirectional DC charging. Tsoka ilo, chiwerengero cha ma EV omwe amatha kuchaja bidirectional pakadali pano ndi ochepa kwambiri. Chifukwa ma charger a bidirectional ndi ovuta kwambiri, nawonso ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri kuposa ma charger a EV wamba, chifukwa amagwiritsa ntchito zida zamagetsi zosinthira mphamvu zapamwamba kuti aziyendetsa kayendedwe ka mphamvu ya galimotoyo.
Pakuyendetsa magetsi m'nyumba, ma charger a EV oyendera mbali zonse ziwiri amaphatikizanso zida kuti aziyang'anira katundu ndikulekanitsa nyumbayo ndi gridi panthawi ya kuzima kwa magetsi, chinthu chomwe chimadziwika kuti islanding. Mfundo yoyambira yogwiritsira ntchito charger ya EV yoyendera mbali zonse ziwiri ndi yofanana kwambiri ndi ya inverter yoyendera mbali zonse ziwiri, yomwe imagwira ntchito ngati gwero lamagetsi losungiramo mabatire m'nyumba.
Kodi cholinga cha kuyitanitsa magetsi mbali zonse ziwiri n'chiyani?
Ma charger a njira ziwiri angagwiritsidwe ntchito pazinthu ziwiri zosiyana. Choyamba komanso chodziwika kwambiri ndi Vehicle-to-grid, kapena V2G, yopangidwa kuti ipereke kapena kutulutsa mphamvu ku grid pamene kufunikira kuli kwakukulu. Ngati magalimoto zikwizikwi okhala ndi V2G alumikizidwa ndikuyatsidwa, izi zitha kusintha kwambiri momwe magetsi amasungidwira ndi kupangidwa. Magalimoto amagetsi ali ndi mabatire akuluakulu komanso amphamvu, kotero mphamvu yonse ya magalimoto zikwizikwi okhala ndi V2G ikhoza kukhala yayikulu kwambiri. Dziwani kuti V2X ndi mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza mapangidwe atatu omwe afotokozedwa pansipa:
I. Galimoto-ku-gridi kapena V2G - Mphamvu ya EV yothandizira gridi.
II. Galimoto yopita kunyumba kapena V2H - mphamvu ya EV yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka mphamvu m'nyumba kapena m'mabizinesi.
III. Magalimoto oti anyamule kapena V2L – Ma EV angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupatsa mphamvu zida zamagetsi kapena kuyatsa magalimoto ena amagetsi.
Kugwiritsa ntchito kwachiwiri kwa chojambulira cha magetsi cha EV cha njira ziwiri ndi cha galimoto yopita kunyumba, kapena V2H. Monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, V2H imalola magalimoto amagetsi kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati makina a batri apakhomo kuti asunge mphamvu yochulukirapo ya dzuwa ndikuyendetsa nyumba yanu. Mwachitsanzo, makina wamba a batri apakhomo, monga Tesla Powerwall, ali ndi mphamvu ya 13.5 kWh. Poyerekeza, galimoto yamagetsi yanthawi zonse imakhala ndi mphamvu ya 65 kWh, pafupifupi yofanana ndi mawaya asanu amagetsi a Tesla. Chifukwa cha mphamvu yake yayikulu ya batri, ikaphatikizidwa ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa ya padenga, galimoto yamagetsi yodzaza ndi mphamvu imatha kuyendetsa magetsi panyumba kwa masiku angapo kapena kuposerapo.
1. Galimoto-ku-gridi- V2G
Kupita ku gridi (V2G) kumatanthauza njira yoperekera mphamvu yochepa yosungidwa kuchokera ku batire ya galimoto yamagetsi kupita ku gridi nthawi iliyonse yomwe ikufunika. Kutenga nawo mbali mu projekiti ya V2G kumafuna chojambulira cha DC chozungulira mbali zonse ziwiri ndi galimoto yamagetsi yogwirizana. Pali zolimbikitsa, monga ngongole kapena mitengo yotsika yamagetsi kwa eni EV. Ma EV okhala ndi V2G amalolanso eni ake kutenga nawo mbali mu mapulogalamu a VPP (Vehicle Power Supply) kuti akonze kukhazikika kwa gridi ndikupereka mphamvu panthawi yomwe ikufunika kwambiri.
Ngakhale kuti pali kutchuka kwakukulu, chimodzi mwa zovuta zomwe zimachitika poyambitsa ukadaulo wa V2G ndi zopinga zowongolera komanso kusowa kwa njira zoyendetsera magetsi ziwiri ndi zolumikizira. Ma charger a bidirectional, monga ma solar inverters, amaonedwa kuti ndi njira ina yopangira magetsi ndipo ayenera kutsatira malamulo onse achitetezo ndi kuzima kwa magetsi pakagwa vuto la gridi. Pofuna kuthana ndi zovutazi, opanga magalimoto ena, monga Ford, apanga njira zosavuta zoyendetsera magetsi ziwiri za AC zomwe zimagwira ntchito ndi ma Ford EV okha kuti apereke magetsi m'nyumba, m'malo mopereka magetsi ku gridi.
2. Galimoto Yopita Kunyumba- V2H
Galimoto Yopita Kunyumba (V2H) ndi yofanana ndi V2G, koma mphamvu imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'deralo kuti ipereke mphamvu kunyumba m'malo moilowetsa mu gridi. Izi zimathandiza magalimoto amagetsi kuti azigwira ntchito ngati batire wamba yapakhomo, zomwe zimathandiza kuti azidzidalira, makamaka akaphatikizidwa ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa padenga. Komabe, phindu lodziwika bwino la V2H ndi kuthekera kwake kupereka mphamvu yowonjezera magetsi panthawi ya kuzima kwa magetsi.
Kuti V2H igwire ntchito bwino, pamafunika chosinthira magetsi chogwirizana ndi mbali ziwiri ndi zida zina, kuphatikizapo choyezera mphamvu (chokhala ndi chosinthira magetsi) chomwe chimayikidwa pamalo olumikizira mains. Chosinthira magetsi chimayang'anira momwe mphamvu imalowera ndi kutuluka mu gridi. Dongosolo likazindikira kuti nyumba yanu ikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya gridi, limauza chosinthira magetsi chowongolera magetsi chowongolera magetsi chowongolera magetsi chowongolera magetsi kuti chitulutse mphamvu yofanana kuti chichepetse mphamvu iliyonse yochokera mu gridi. Mofananamo, dongosololi likazindikira mphamvu yotuluka kuchokera padenga la solar photovoltaic array, limachisintha kuti chiyambitse magetsi a EV, mofanana ndi chosinthira magetsi chanzeru cha EV.
Kuti magetsi azigwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yamagetsi kapena nthawi yadzidzidzi, makina a V2H ayenera kuzindikira kufalikira kwa magetsi kuchokera pa gridi ndikuchotsa nyumbayo kuchokera pa gridi. Akangoyikidwa, inverter yozungulira mbali zonse ziwiri imagwira ntchito ngati inverter yopanda gridi, yoyendetsedwa ndi batri ya EV. Zipangizo zina zodzipatula za gridi, monga ma contactor odziyimira pawokha (ATS), zimafunika kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito ngati kufalikira kwa magetsi, monga ma inverter osakanizidwa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mumakina a solar cell.
3. Galimoto Yoyenera Kunyamula - V2L
Ukadaulo wa Vehicle-to-Load (V2L) ndi wosavuta kwambiri chifukwa sufuna chojambulira cha mbali zonse ziwiri. Magalimoto okhala ndi V2L ali ndi inverter yolumikizidwa yomwe imapereka mphamvu ya AC kuchokera ku malo amodzi kapena angapo okhazikika mgalimoto, omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito kulumikiza chipangizo chilichonse chapakhomo. Komabe, magalimoto ena amagwiritsa ntchito adaputala yapadera ya V2L yomwe imalumikiza mu doko lochapira la galimoto yamagetsi kuti ipereke mphamvu ya AC. Pakagwa ngozi, chingwe chowonjezera chingatambasulidwe kuchokera mgalimoto kupita kunyumba kuti chiziyendetsa zinthu zofunika monga magetsi, makompyuta, mafiriji, ndi zida zophikira.
V2L imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mphamvu yosakhala pa gridi komanso yosungira zinthu zina
Magalimoto okhala ndi V2L angagwiritse ntchito zingwe zowonjezera kuti apereke mphamvu yosungira pogwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zamagetsi zosankhidwa. Kapenanso, switch yapadera yosinthira ya AC ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kulumikiza mphamvu ya V2L mwachindunji ku gulu logawa zinthu zosungira, kapena ngakhale ku gulu lalikulu logawa zinthu.
Magalimoto okhala ndi V2L amathanso kuphatikizidwa mu makina amphamvu a dzuwa omwe sali pa gridi kuti achepetse kapena kuthetsa kufunikira kwa jenereta yowonjezera. Makina ambiri amphamvu a dzuwa omwe sali pa gridi amakhala ndi inverter yozungulira mbali zonse ziwiri, yomwe ingagwiritse ntchito mphamvu kuchokera ku gwero lililonse la AC, kuphatikizapo magalimoto omwe ali ndi V2L. Komabe, imafunika kuyikidwa ndi kukonzedwa ndi katswiri wa mphamvu ya dzuwa kapena katswiri wamagetsi wodziwa bwino ntchito kuti atsimikizire kuti ikugwira ntchito bwino.
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Nthawi yotumizira: Novembala-26-2025
