Yankho lathu lophatikizana la photovoltaic, kusungira mphamvu, ndi kuyatsa magetsi limayesetsa kuthetsa mwanzeru nkhawa zosiyanasiyana zamagalimoto amagetsi pophatikizamilu yochajira ya eV, ma photovoltaic, ndi ukadaulo wosungira mphamvu zamabatire. Zimathandizira kuyenda kobiriwira kwa magalimoto amagetsi kudzera mu mphamvu yatsopano ya photovoltaic, pomwe zimathandiza kusungira mphamvu kumachepetsera kupsinjika kwa gridi komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha katundu wolemera. Zimamaliza unyolo wamakampani a mabatire kudzera mukugwiritsa ntchito magawo osiyanasiyana, kuonetsetsa kuti makampani akukula bwino. Kumangidwa kwa dongosolo lamphamvu lophatikizana ili kumalimbikitsa magetsi ndi chitukuko chanzeru chamakampani, zomwe zimathandiza kusintha mphamvu zoyera, monga mphamvu ya dzuwa, kukhala mphamvu zamagetsi kudzera mu ma photovoltaic ndikusunga m'mabatire. Milu yolipirira magalimoto amagetsi imasamutsa mphamvu zamagetsi kuchokera kumabatire kupita kumagalimoto amagetsi, kuthetsa vuto la kulipiritsa.
I. Topology ya Dongosolo la Microgrid Yosungiramo Zinthu Zosungirako ndi Kuchaja Photovoltaic
Monga momwe chithunzi chili pamwambapa chikusonyezera, zida zazikulu za topology ya photovoltaic yolumikizidwa, yosungirako mphamvu, ndi topology ya microgrid yochaja zafotokozedwa pansipa:
1. Chosinthira mphamvu chosungira magetsi chopanda gridi: Mbali ya AC ya chosinthira mphamvu cha 250kW imalumikizidwa motsatizana ndi basi ya 380V AC, ndipo mbali ya DC imalumikizidwa motsatizana ndi zosinthira zinayi za DC/DC za 50kW zotsatizana, zomwe zimathandiza kuti mphamvu ziziyenda motsatizana, mwachitsanzo, kuyatsa ndi kutulutsa batri.
2. Zosinthira za DC/DC zolunjika mbali zonse ziwiri: Mbali yamagetsi amphamvu ya ma converter anayi a 50kW DC/DC imalumikizidwa ku DC terminal ya chosinthira, ndipo mbali yamagetsi otsika imalumikizidwa ku batire yamagetsi. Chosinthira chilichonse cha DC/DC chimalumikizidwa ku batire imodzi.
3. Dongosolo la batri lamphamvu: Ma cell khumi ndi asanu ndi limodzi a 3.6V/100Ah (1P16S) amapanga gawo limodzi la batri (57.6V/100Ah, mphamvu yodziwika bwino ndi 5.76KWh). Ma module khumi ndi awiri a batri amalumikizidwa motsatizana kuti apange gulu la batri (691.2V/100Ah, mphamvu yodziwika bwino ndi 69.12KWh). Gulu la batri limalumikizidwa ku terminal yotsika ya chosinthira cha DC/DC chozungulira. Dongosolo la batri lili ndi magulu anayi a batri okhala ndi mphamvu yodziwika bwino ya 276.48 kWh.
4. MPPT Module: Mbali ya MPPT module yokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri imalumikizidwa motsatizana ndi basi ya 750V DC, pomwe mbali ya low-voltage imalumikizidwa ku photovoltaic array. Photovoltaic array imakhala ndi zingwe zisanu ndi chimodzi, iliyonse ili ndi ma module 18 a 275Wp olumikizidwa motsatizana, kuti pakhale ma module 108 a photovoltaic ndi mphamvu yonse yotulutsa ya 29.7 kWp.
5. Malo Ochapira: Dongosololi lili ndi mphamvu zitatu za 60kWmalo ochapira magalimoto a DC EV(chiwerengero ndi mphamvu ya malo ochajira zitha kusinthidwa kutengera kuchuluka kwa magalimoto ndi kufunika kwa mphamvu tsiku ndi tsiku). Mbali ya AC ya malo ochajira imalumikizidwa ku basi ya AC ndipo imatha kuyendetsedwa ndi photovoltaics, malo osungira mphamvu, ndi gridi.
6. EMS & MGCC: Machitidwewa amagwira ntchito monga kuyitanitsa ndi kutulutsa mphamvu pamakina osungira mphamvu komanso kuyang'anira zambiri za batri za SOC motsatira malangizo ochokera ku malo otumizira magetsi apamwamba.
II. Makhalidwe a Machitidwe Ophatikizana a Mphamvu Zosungira ndi Kuchaja Photovoltaic
1. Dongosololi limagwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe ka magawo atatu: gawo lapamwamba ndi dongosolo loyang'anira mphamvu, gawo lapakati ndi dongosolo loyang'anira lapakati, ndipo gawo lapansi ndi gawo la zida. Dongosololi limaphatikiza zida zosinthira kuchuluka, zida zokhudzana ndi kuyang'anira ndi kuteteza katundu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti likhale dongosolo lodziyimira lokha lotha kudziletsa, kuteteza, komanso kuyang'anira.
2. Njira yotumizira mphamvu ya makina osungira mphamvu imasinthidwa/kukhazikitsidwa mosinthasintha kutengera mitengo yamagetsi yomwe ili pamwamba, chigwa, komanso yotsika kwambiri yamagetsi a gridi yamagetsi ndi SOC (kapena voltage ya terminal) ya mabatire osungira mphamvu. Makinawa amalandira kutumiza kuchokera ku makina oyendetsera mphamvu (EMS) kuti aziwongolera ndi kutsitsa mphamvu mwanzeru.
3. Dongosololi lili ndi ntchito zambiri zolumikizirana, kuyang'anira, kuyang'anira, kuwongolera, kuchenjeza msanga, ndi kuteteza, kuonetsetsa kuti likugwira ntchito mosalekeza komanso motetezeka kwa nthawi yayitali. Momwe dongosololi likugwirira ntchito imatha kuyang'aniridwa kudzera pa kompyuta, ndipo ili ndi luso lochuluka losanthula deta.
4. Dongosolo loyang'anira mabatire (BMS) limalumikizana ndi dongosolo loyang'anira mphamvu (EMS), kuyika zambiri za phukusi la mabatire, ndipo mogwirizana ndi EMS ndi PCS, kukwaniritsa ntchito zowunikira ndi kuteteza phukusi la mabatire.
Pulojekitiyi imagwiritsa ntchito PCS yosinthira mphamvu yosungiramo mphamvu ya tower, yomwe imagwirizanitsa zida zosinthira pa gridi ndi kunja kwa gridi ndi makabati ogawa. Ili ndi ntchito yosinthira mosasunthika pakati pa gridi ndi kunja kwa gridi mu masekondi zero, imathandizira njira ziwiri zolipirira: mphamvu yokhazikika pa gridi ndi mphamvu yokhazikika, ndipo imavomereza nthawi yeniyeni kuchokera pa kompyuta yosungira.
III. Kulamulira ndi Kuyang'anira Njira Yosungira ndi Kuchaja ya Photovoltaic
Kuwongolera makina kumagwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe ka magawo atatu: EMS ndiye gawo lapamwamba kwambiri lokonzekera nthawi, chowongolera makina ndiye gawo lapakati logwirizanitsa, ndipo DC-DC ndi milu yochapira ndiye gawo la zida.
EMS ndi wolamulira wa makina ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri, zomwe zimagwira ntchito limodzi kuti ziyendetse ndikukonza nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito makina ochapira magetsi a photovoltaic:
1. Ntchito za EMS
1) Njira zowongolera kutumiza mphamvu zitha kusinthidwa mosavuta ndipo njira zosungira mphamvu zolipirira ndi kutulutsa mphamvu komanso malamulo amagetsi zitha kukhazikitsidwa malinga ndi mitengo yamagetsi ya nthawi yayitali ya gridi yapafupi.
2) EMS imayang'anira chitetezo cha zida zazikulu zomwe zili mkati mwa makinawa nthawi yeniyeni komanso kuyang'anira chitetezo cha zida zazikulu zomwe zili mkati mwa makinawa, kuphatikiza koma osati kokha PCS, BMS, ma inverter a photovoltaic, ndi ma charger piles, ndipo imayang'anira zochitika za alamu zomwe zidanenedwa ndi zidazo ndi zosungira deta zakale mwanjira yogwirizana.
3) EMS ikhoza kukweza deta yolosera za dongosolo ndi zotsatira za kusanthula kwa mawerengedwe ku malo otumizira apamwamba kapena seva yolumikizirana yakutali kudzera pa kulumikizana kwa Ethernet kapena 4G, ndikulandira malangizo otumizira nthawi yeniyeni, poyankha malamulo a pafupipafupi a AGC, kumeta mopitirira muyeso, ndi kutumiza kwina kuti kukwaniritse zosowa za makina amagetsi.
4) EMS imakwaniritsa mgwirizano wogwirizana ndi njira zowunikira zachilengedwe komanso zotetezera moto: kuonetsetsa kuti zida zonse zatsekedwa moto usanayambe, kupereka ma alarm ndi ma alarm omveka komanso owoneka bwino, ndikuyika zochitika za alarm kumbuyo.
2. Ntchito za Wowongolera Machitidwe:
1) Woyang'anira dongosolo amalandira njira zoyendetsera nthawi kuchokera ku EMS: njira zolipirira/kutulutsa mphamvu ndi malamulo oyendetsera nthawi yamagetsi. Kutengera mphamvu ya batire yosungira mphamvu ya SOC, momwe batire imalipirira/kutulutsa mphamvu, kupanga mphamvu ya photovoltaic, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mulu wa chaji, imasintha kayendetsedwe ka basi mosavuta. Mwa kuyang'anira kudzaza ndi kutulutsa mphamvu ya chosinthira cha DC-DC, imakwaniritsa kuwongolera kudzaza/kutulutsa mphamvu ya batire yosungira mphamvu, ndikuwonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito njira yosungira mphamvu.
2) Kuphatikiza DC-DC charge/discharge mode ndimulu wochapira galimoto yamagetsiPokhala ndi mphamvu yochaja, ikufunika kusintha malire a mphamvu ya inverter ya photovoltaic ndi kupanga mphamvu ya PV module. Ifunikanso kusintha njira yogwirira ntchito ya PV module ndikuyang'anira basi ya system.
3. Ntchito za Chida - DC-DC:
1) Choyezera mphamvu, chomwe chimazindikira kusinthana pakati pa mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi kusungira mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi.
2) Chosinthira cha DC-DC chimapeza mawonekedwe a BMS ndipo, pamodzi ndi malamulo okonzekera nthawi a wowongolera dongosolo, chimachita DC cluster control kuti chitsimikizire kuti batri limagwira ntchito bwino.
3) Ikhoza kudzisamalira, kudzilamulira, ndi kudziteteza malinga ndi zolinga zomwe zakonzedweratu.
-KUMAPETO-
Nthawi yotumizira: Novembala-28-2025
