Kuyesa kuteteza nthaka pa milu ya AC/DC yochapira magalimoto atsopano amphamvu

1. Chitetezo cha pansi pa milu yolipirira

Malo ochapira magalimoto a EV amagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri:Ma AC charging pilesndi milu ya DC charging. Milu ya AC charging imapereka mphamvu ya 220V AC, yomwe imasinthidwa kukhala mphamvu ya DC yamagetsi amphamvu ndi chojambulira chomwe chili mkati kuti chijambule batri yamagetsi.Ma DC charging pilesimapereka mphamvu ya AC ya magawo atatu ya 380V, yomwe imachaja batri mwachindunji kudzera mu doko lochaja mwachangu popanda kudutsa pa charger yomwe ili mkati. Muyezo wadziko lonse wa GB/T20234.1 umafotokoza momveka bwino zofunikira pa malo olumikizirana magalimoto ndi malo olumikizirana magetsi.Ma charger a AC EVgwiritsani ntchito mawonekedwe amtundu wa seven-pin, pomweMa charger a DCGwiritsani ntchito mawonekedwe a dziko lonse a nine-pin. Ma PE pin a ma charging interfaces awiri omwe ali mbali ya galimoto ndi ma grounding terminals onse (onani Chithunzi 1). Ntchito ya ground wire PE ndikukhazikitsa bwino thupi la galimoto yamagetsi kudzera mu ACmalo ochapira magalimoto amagetsiMu muyezo wa dziko lonse wa GB/T 18487.1, waya wapansi wa PE wa zida zamagetsi uyenera kulumikizidwa ku nthaka ya galimoto yamagetsi (pe pin mu Chithunzi 1) kuti njira yolipirira galimoto yamagetsi igwire ntchito bwino.

Chithunzi 1. Pin ya PE ya Chiyankhulo Choyatsira Galimoto ndi Mbali

Kutenga njira yolipirira pomwe ACmalo ochapira magalimoto amagetsiimagwiritsa ntchito cholumikizira cha galimoto chokhala ndi pulagi ziwiri kuti ilumikizane ndimalo ochajira magalimoto amagetsiMwachitsanzo, dera lowongolera la dongosolo lochapira ili likuwunikidwa, ndipo chithunzi chake cha dera chikuonetsedwa pa Chithunzi 2.

Zipangizo zamagetsi zikayikidwa kuti ziyambe kuchajidwa, ngati zidazo zilibe vuto, magetsi omwe ali pamalo odziwika 1 ayenera kukhala 12V.

Wogwiritsa ntchito akagwira mfuti yochajira ndikukanikiza loko yamakina, S3 imatseka, koma mawonekedwe a galimotoyo salumikizidwa kwathunthu, magetsi pamalo ozindikira 1 ndi 9V.

Pamenemfuti yolipiritsayalumikizidwa kwathunthu ku doko loyatsira galimoto, S2 imatsekedwa. Panthawiyi, magetsi pamalo ozindikira 1 amatsika mofulumira. Zipangizo zamagetsi zimatsimikizira chizindikiro kudzera mu kulumikizana kwa CC ndikuzindikira mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe chingwe choyatsira chingapirire, ndikusinthira switch S1 kuchokera kumapeto kwa 12V kupita kumapeto kwa PWM.

Pamene magetsi pamalo ozindikira 1 atsika kufika pa 6V, amasinthira K1 ndi K2 ya zida zamagetsi pafupi ndi mphamvu yotulutsa, motero amamaliza dera loperekera magetsi. Galimoto yamagetsi ndi zida zamagetsi zikakhazikitsa kulumikizana kwamagetsi, chipangizo chowongolera galimoto chimazindikira mphamvu yayikulu yopezera magetsi ya zida zamagetsi poweruza kayendedwe ka ntchito ya chizindikiro cha PWM pamalo ozindikira 2. Mwachitsanzo, pa mulu wochapira wa 16A, kayendedwe ka ntchito ndi 73.4%, motero magetsi kumapeto kwa CP amasinthasintha pakati pa 6V ndi -12V, pomwe magetsi kumapeto kwa CC… Voltage ya terminal imatsika kuchokera pa 4.9V (mkhalidwe wolumikizidwa) kupita ku 1.4V (mkhalidwe wochapira).

Gawo lowongolera galimoto likazindikira kuti kulumikizana kwa chaji kwalumikizidwa kwathunthu (monga, S3 ndi S2 zatsekedwa) ndikumaliza kukhazikitsa mphamvu yolowera yovomerezeka ya chaji yomwe ili mkati (S1 imasinthira ku terminal ya PWM, K1 ndi K2 zatsekedwa), chaji yomwe ili mkati imayamba kuchajitsa galimoto yamagetsi.

Pa nthawiyi, ngati waya wa PE watsekedwa, sipadzakhala kusintha kwa magetsi pamalo odziwira, dera lamagetsi silingayendetsedwe, ndipo kulumikizana kwamagetsi sikungakhazikitsidwe pakati pa galimoto yamagetsi ndi zida zamagetsi. Pankhaniyi, choyatsira chomwe chili m'bwalomo chidzakhala chozimitsidwa ndi magetsi.

2. Kuyesa kuletsa kutsika kwa dongosolo lochapira

Ngati maziko aDongosolo lochaja la mulu wa ACNgati zinthu sizikuyenda bwino, zida zamagetsi zidzatulutsa mphamvu yamagetsi, zomwe zingayambitse kugwedezeka kwa magetsi komanso kuvulala kwa munthu. Chifukwa chake, kuyesa ndi kuyang'ana milu yochajira ndikofunikira. Malinga ndi miyezo monga GB/T20324, GB/T 18487, ndi NB/T 33008, kuyesa milu yochajira ya AC kumaphatikizapo kuyang'anira kwapadera, mayeso osinthira magetsi pamagetsi, ndi mayeso osakhazikika a kulumikizana. Pogwiritsa ntchito BAIC EV200 mwachitsanzo, momwe PE grounding yosakhazikika imakhudzira momwe makina ochajira amakhalira imawonekera poyesa kusintha kwa mphamvu yolowera ndi yotuluka ya chochajira chomwe chili mkati.

Mu dongosolo lomwe lawonetsedwa pa Chithunzi 3, ma terminal a CC ndi CP kumbali yakumanzere ya charger yomwe ili mkati mwake ndi mizere ya chizindikiro chowongolera chaja; PE ndi waya wapansi; ndipo L ndi N ndi ma terminal olowera a 220V AC.

Ma terminal omwe ali kumanja kwa chithunzi cha charger chomwe chili m'bwalo ndi ma terminal olumikizirana okhala ndi mphamvu zochepa. Ntchito yawo yayikulu ndikubwezera chizindikiro cha charger chomwe chili m'bwalo ku mzere wotsimikizira kulumikizana kwa VCU, kuyambitsa mzere wa signal wodzutsa charging kuti udzutse chida chowonetsa momwe kulumikizana kulili, komanso kuti charger idzutse VCU ndi BMS. Kenako VCU imadzutsa chida chowunikira kuti iyambe kuwonetsa momwe charging ilili. Ma relay abwino ndi oipa omwe ali mkati mwa batire yamagetsi amawongoleredwa ndi BMS kuti atseke kudzera mu malamulo ochokera ku VCU, ndikumaliza njira yochaja batire yamagetsi. Cholumikizira chomwe chili pansi pa charger yomwe ili m'bwalo mu Chithunzi 3, cholumikizidwa ku bokosi lowongolera lamphamvu, ndi cholumikizira champhamvu cha DC chotulutsa.

Mu mayeso a PE grounding fault, ma current clamp awiri adagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa nthawi imodzi ma input ndi output currents. PE open-circuit fault idakhazikitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito AC power supply yodzipangira yokha. Pamene PE line nthawi zambiri inali pansi, grounding switch inali ON. Pamene current clamp idayikidwa pa L (kapena N) line, AC input current yoyesedwa ya on-board charger inali pafupifupi 16A. Pamene current clamp ina idayikidwa pa DC output power terminal ya on-board charger, current yoyesedwa inali pafupifupi 9A.

Pamene waya wa PE grounding waya unatsekedwa ndipo chosinthira magetsi chinazimitsidwa, mphamvu yolowera ya AC yoyezedwa ya chosinthira magetsi chomwe chili pa bolodi inali 0A, ndipo mphamvu yotulutsa ya DC inalinso 0A. Pambuyo poyesanso kutsegula magetsi, mafunde onse awiri anabwerera nthawi yomweyo ku 0A. Kuyesa kotseguka kumeneku pa PE terminal kukuwonetsa kuti waya wa PE grounding waya ukatsekedwa, palibe mphamvu yolowera ndi yotulutsa magetsi pa malo olowetsa ndi otulutsa magetsi a chosinthira magetsi chomwe chili pa bolodi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti chosinthira magetsi chomwe chili pa bolodi sichikugwira ntchito motero sichitulutsa magetsi amphamvu kwambiri ku bokosi lolamulira lamagetsi amphamvu, zomwe zimalepheretsa batri yamagetsi kuti isayambe kuyatsa magetsi.

Chitetezo cha pansi pa milu ya AC charging n'chofunikira. Popanda chitetezo cha pansi, malo ochajira magetsi angayambitse ngozi yamagetsi. Chifukwa cha chitetezo cha magetsi chomwe chimazimitsidwa ndi magetsi, kulumikizana sikungatheke pakati pa galimoto yamagetsi ndi zida zamagetsi, ndipo chochajira chomwe chili m'galimoto sichigwira ntchito.

-KUMAPETO-